Calculate drive torque requirements for your mobile robot and explore engineering criteria for selecting high-shock, ultra-compact cycloidal gearboxes for AGV/AMR wheel hubs.
Calculate continuous output torque, emergency-stop torque margin, wheel RPM, and ratio targets before shortlisting an AGV cycloidal gearbox.
20-5000 kg base vehicle mass.
0-10000 kg carried payload.
50-800 mm wheel outside diameter.
Use 1, 2, or 4 driven wheels.
0.1-5 m/s target travel speed.
0.2-20 s from standstill to max speed.
0-15 degrees continuous ramp grade.
This is in the range where compact cycloidal, RV-style, or precision planetary options may all be worth comparing. Use shock margin, wheel bearing support, backlash retention, and package envelope to choose.
Motor-side screening torque at a 3000 RPM ratio is about 1.8 Nm assuming 88% reducer efficiency. Use supplier efficiency curves for final motor sizing.
High shock ratings exist in some cycloidal families, but AGV E-stop and docking loads must be checked against the selected reducer model.
Use continuous torque with selection margin and peak torque with emergency-stop margin before asking for a frame recommendation.
Direct wheel mounting depends on published radial load, thrust load, and overturning moment capacity for the real wheel offset.
Figure 1: Direct wheel-hub integration is practical only when the selected gearbox publishes enough output-bearing data for the wheel load case; otherwise add external wheel support.
| Feature | Cycloidal Gearbox | Planetary Gearbox | AGV Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shock Capacity | Published high-shock examples; 500% is model and product-family specific | Model-specific shock ratings, often requiring careful service-factor review | Request allowable acceleration/deceleration torque, brake torque, event duration, and E-stop frequency. |
| Backlash Stability | Sub-arcminute precision classes exist, but backlash and lost motion are ratio, size, and test-condition dependent | Precision grades can work when wear, shock margin, and wheel-load support are controlled | Tie reducer backlash to the AMR odometry, docking, and steering error budget. |
| Axial Profile | Short axial package is possible, usually with a larger reducer diameter | Often narrower in diameter; higher ratios may add axial stages | Compare 2D envelope, STEP model, motor stack, brake stack, and battery clearance. |
| Bearing Integration | May include cross-roller or angular-contact output support with published moment data | Often needs a separate wheel bearing if reducer output loads are not enough | Confirm bearing life with radial load, thrust load, moment arm, payload case, and wheel offset. |
| Check | Public Signal | Must Confirm Before Selection |
|---|---|---|
| Shock / E-stop torque | Some cycloidal catalogs publish momentary shock-load or allowable acceleration/deceleration torque fields. | Selected model limit, event duration, event frequency, brake torque, controller ramp, and payload case. |
| Direct wheel mounting | AGV drive units and RV-style reducers may publish output support and allowable moment data. | Radial load, thrust load, overturning moment, wheel offset, bearing life, and mounting preload. |
| Backlash / lost motion | Precision reducer families publish backlash or lost-motion grades under defined test conditions. | Acceptance value after endurance testing, ratio, temperature, lubrication, and odometry error budget. |
| Efficiency and heat | Catalog efficiency is usually conditional and cannot represent every duty cycle. | Efficiency or temperature-rise curve at AGV speed, torque, lubricant, ambient temperature, and duty cycle. |
Safety context for driverless industrial trucks, AGVs, and AMRs. Source status checked on July 29, 2026; ISO also lists a draft revision in development.
Reference for RV-style precision reducer categories and AGV drive unit positioning with compact in-wheel designs.
Reference example for published 500% momentary shock-load positioning; treat the value as product-family specific.
Treat every public catalog claim as a screening signal, not a released AGV specification. Final selection needs supplier confirmation for torque event frequency, bearing life, lubrication temperature, input-speed limit, brake stack-up, and validation-test acceptance.
Cycloidal gearboxes are often shortlisted when emergency stops, floor transitions, docking impacts, and compact high-ratio packaging dominate the load case. The final decision still depends on selected-model shock torque, bearing support, backlash, efficiency, heat rise, and cost.
Only if the selected gearbox publishes enough output-bearing capacity for radial load, thrust load, and overturning moment at your wheel offset. If the supplier cannot confirm bearing life, add an external wheel support bearing.
No. Some cycloidal product families publish high momentary shock ratings, including 500% examples, but the allowable value is model-specific and depends on duration, frequency, installation, braking, and service factor.
Use supplier efficiency or temperature-rise curves for the selected ratio, speed, load, lubricant, ambient temperature, and duty cycle. A single catalog efficiency number is not enough for AGV battery sizing.
Send total mass, payload, number of drive wheels, wheel diameter, maximum speed, acceleration time, ramp grade, wheel offset, target ratio, motor/brake details, duty cycle, environmental limits, and the calculator result.
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Include target torque/speed, quantity, and delivery location.
